145 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
145 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
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# Debian for WSL 配置C语言开发环境
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<br>
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::: tip 写在前面的话
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本文章已经默认你会使用`WSL`和`VSCode`，且你的WSL为`Debian`发行版。
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:::
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<!-- 所需工具 **`Clang`** 和 **`GDB`** -->
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## 在Debian中安装**Clang**和**GDB**包
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```bash
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apt-get install clang gdb
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```
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执行上述操作后，通过 `clang -v` 和 `gdb -v`，如果能看到输出正确的版本信息，则表示安装完成。
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::: details 版本信息示例
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:::code-group
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```bash [clang]
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Debian clang version 14.0.6
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Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
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Thread model: posix
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InstalledDir: /usr/bin
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Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/12
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Selected GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/12
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Candidate multilib: .;@m64
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Selected multilib: .;@m64
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```
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```bash [gdb]
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GNU gdb (Debian 13.1-3) 13.1
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Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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```
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:::
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`Clang`包，作为`C`语言的编译和解释器，用来编译`C`文件代码。`GDB`用来在`vscode`中调试`C`文件。
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:::tip 提示
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在**Mac**上，安装`Clang`，默认会使用`lldb`进行调试。但我尝试在**Debian**上，`Clang`可以正常的使用，但是`lldb`不能使用，即使安装了`lldb`包，在*vscode*中配置了`lldb`为默认调试，也不能正常使用。所以，我选择使用`gdb`来替代`lldb`，在**Debian**上可以正常配合*vscode*使用了。
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:::
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## 在vscode中配置C
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### 安装C/C++扩展
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### 新建 `c_cpp_properties.json` 调用`clang`编译器
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在当前项目下，新建 `.vscode`文件夹，并在此目录中，新建 `c_cpp_properties.json`文件：
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并添加以下内容：
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```json:line-numbers {9}
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{
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"configurations": [
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{
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"name": "Linux",
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"includePath": [
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"${workspaceFolder}/**"
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],
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"defines": [],
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"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang",
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"cStandard": "c23",
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"cppStandard": "c++23",
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"intelliSenseMode": "linux-clang-x64"
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}
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],
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"version": 4
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}
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```
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此文件用来配置C/C++扩展，其中设置了编译器为 `/usr/bin/clang`，
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这样当前项目就可以通过`C/C++扩展`来使用当前系统安装的`clang`编译器了。
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### 新建 `tasks.json`，用于调试前进行项目编译
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```json:line-numbers{5,6,16,25}
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{
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"tasks": [
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{
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"type": "cppbuild",
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"label": "C/C++: clang++ build active file",
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"command": "/usr/bin/clang",
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"args": [
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"-fcolor-diagnostics",
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"-fansi-escape-codes",
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"-g",
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"${file}",
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"-o",
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"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
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],
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"options": {
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"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
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},
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"problemMatcher": [
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"$gcc"
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],
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"group": {
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"kind": "build",
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"isDefault": true
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},
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"detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
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}
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],
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"version": "2.0.0"
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}
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```
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### 新建 `launch.json` ，配置项目自动编译和调试任务
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```json:line-numbers{11,14,17,18,19}
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{
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// 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。
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// 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
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// 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
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"version": "0.2.0",
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"configurations": [
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{
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"name": "(lldb) 启动",
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"type": "cppdbg",
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"request": "launch",
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"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
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"args": [],
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"stopAtEntry": false,
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"cwd": "${fileDirname}",
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"environment": [],
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"externalConsole": false,
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"MIMode": "gdb",
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"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: clang++ build active file",
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"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
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}
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],
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}
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```
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## 新建 `main.c` 文件，测试系统是否正常
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```c:line-numbers
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main () {
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printf("hello world, %s \n", "mike");
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return 1;
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}
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```
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按键盘上的<kbd>F5</kbd>启用调试，则`vscode`应该会自动运行调试，执行编译和运行。
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